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Month: April 2018

Wildflower Wednesday: Trailing arbutus

Wildflower Wednesday: Trailing arbutus

If you look along the edges of wooded trails, where the land rises up slightly from the level of the path itself, you may notice low mats of rough, sand-papery, hairy, evergreen leaves. Although younger leaves are a brighter green, they become rust-spotted with age, eventually browning and dying on the stem, leaving patches of rather worn looking vegetation by early spring. This low, creeping shrub is trailing arbutus (Epigaea repens), also known as mayflower. One of Cape Cod’s earliest…

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River herring

River herring

Saturday morning I stopped at the Mashpee River fish ladder by the Mashpee Wampanoag Indian Museum on Route 130 to see if the herring were running yet. To my delight, they were. The Mashpee River is approximately four miles long and flows from Mashpee-Wakeby Pond to Popponesset Bay, and then out into the Atlantic Ocean. Each spring, two species of river herring, alewives (Alosa pseudoharengus) and blueback herring (Alosa aestivalis), make their way from the sea back to Mashpee Pond…

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Spotted salamander eggs

Spotted salamander eggs

Rainy spring nights bring yellow spotted salamanders (Ambystoma maculatum) out of forested areas where they spend most of their adult lives and down to vernal pools to breed. Like many obligate vernal pool species, spotted salamanders cannot breed in most permanent ponds because fish would eat the salamander eggs and larvae. The fact that vernal pools dry out completely for at least part of the year means they cannot support fish populations and are therefore lack fish predators.  On these…

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Cedar-apple rust

Cedar-apple rust

With leaves still absent from many trees, it is not hard to see evidence of galls caused by insects, such as the oak apple gall, or by fungi, such as the knobby black protrusions on black cherry trees referred to as black knot. A gall is an abnormal outgrowth of plant tissue, which can be caused by all sorts of parasites, from fungi and bacteria to insects and mites. Another fairly common gall in this area is one called cedar-apple…

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Red-backed salamander (Plethodon cinereus)

Red-backed salamander (Plethodon cinereus)

Although red-backed salamanders (Plethodon cinereus) exhibit color polymorphism, the color variation that is most common in eastern Massachusetts is true to their name. Here you will likely find individuals with a red, or at least reddish, colored dorsal band running down their midline from the head to the tail (the alternative color variation is sometimes referred to as the “lead-backed” form and is darker in coloration, lacking most or all of the distinctive red pigmentation). The sides of their bodies…

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